Cosmological and Epistemological Foundations of Kant’s Understanding of Nature
Keywords:
Nature, matter, empirical laws of nature, pure laws of nature, space-time, unity-manifold, possible experienceAbstract
This study aims to focus on Immanuel Kant’s understanding of nature in certain aspects. In the first part of the study I discuss how Kant represented matter and nature in general in the Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens. What is meant to be shown in this part is that matter’s process of formation and motion are not brought about by an external force. In contrast, it is revealed by a matter which is the cause of its own motion due to its immenent laws. Nature is described as a cosmos, in other words, a system with its own laws. Nature is already a foundation. Therefore, objects form a relational unity through laws. It can be assumed that nature has an active structure since it has brought itself into a harmonic unity thanks to its own laws. In the second part of this study, Kant’s understanding of nature is discussed focusing on the Critique of Pure Reason. It can be asserted that there are many differences of philosophical ideas between the two works mentioned above. So, there is no continuous relationship between them. However, although it is thought that there are some dissimilarities between these two masterpieces, it can be seen that the epistemological conditions of the understanding of nature and matter in the Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens are founded in Critique of Pure Reason [...]
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